TWiki Formatted Search

Inline search feature allows flexible formatting of search result

The default output format of a %SEARCH{...}% is a table consisting of topic names and topic summaries. Use the format="..." parameter to customize the search result. The format parameter typically defines a bullet or a table row containing variables, such as %SEARCH{ "food" format="| $topic | $summary |" }%. See %SEARCH{...}% for other search parameters, such as separator="".

Syntax

Two parameters can be used to specify a customized search result:

1. header="..." parameter

Use the header parameter to specify the header of a search result. It should correspond to the format of the format parameter. This parameter is optional.
Example: header="| *Topic:* | *Summary:* |"

Variables that can be used in the header string:

Name:	Expands To:
$web	Name of the web
$n or $n()	New line. Use $n() if followed by alphanumeric character, e.g. write Foo$n()Bar instead of Foo$nBar
$nop or $nop()	Is a "no operation". This variable gets removed; useful for nested search
$quot	Double quote ("). Alternatively write \" to escape it
$percnt	Percent sign (%)
$dollar	Dollar sign ($)

2. format="..." parameter

Use the format parameter to specify the format of one search hit.
Example: format="| $topic | $summary |"

Variables that can be used in the format string:

Name:	Expands To:
$web	Name of the web
$topic	Topic name
$topic(20)	Topic name, "- " hyphenated each 20 characters
$topic(30, -<br />)	Topic name, hyphenated each 30 characters with separator "-<br />"
$topic(40, ...)	Topic name, shortended to 40 characters with "..." indication
$parent	Name of parent topic; empty if not set
$parent(20)	Name of parent topic, same hyphenation/shortening like $topic()
$text	Formatted topic text. In case of a multiple="on" search, it is the line found for each search hit.
$locked	LOCKED flag (if any)
$date	Time stamp of last topic update, e.g. 08 Jan 2009 - 12:32
$isodate	Time stamp of last topic update, e.g. 2009-01-08T12:32Z
$rev	Number of last topic revision, e.g. 4
$username	Login name of last topic update, e.g. jsmith
$wikiname	Wiki user name of last topic update, e.g. JohnSmith
$wikiusername	Wiki user name of last topic update, like Main.JohnSmith
$createdate	Time stamp of topic revision 1
$createusername	Login name of topic revision 1, e.g. jsmith
$createwikiname	Wiki user name of topic revision 1, e.g. JohnSmith
$createwikiusername	Wiki user name of topic revision 1, e.g. Main.JohnSmith
$summary	Topic summary, just the plain text, all formatting and line breaks removed; up to 162 characters
$summary(50)	Topic summary, up to 50 characters shown
$summary(showvarnames)	Topic summary, with %ALLTWIKI{...}% variables shown as ALLTWIKI{...}
$summary(noheader)	Topic summary, with leading ---+ headers removed Note: The tokens can be combined, for example $summary(100, showvarnames, noheader)
$changes	Summary of changes between latest rev and previous rev
$changes(n)	Summary of changes between latest rev and rev n
$formname	The name of the form attached to the topic; empty if none
$formfield(name)	The field value of a form field; for example, $formfield(TopicClassification) would get expanded to PublicFAQ. This applies only to topics that have a TWikiForm
$formfield(name, 10)	Form field value, "- " hyphenated each 10 characters
$formfield(name, 20, -<br />)	Form field value, hyphenated each 20 characters with separator "-<br />"
$formfield(name, 30, ...)	Form field value, shortended to 30 characters with "..." indication
$pattern(reg-exp)	A regular expression pattern to extract some text from a topic (does not search meta data; use $formfield instead). In case of a multiple="on" search, the pattern is applied to the line found in each search hit. • Specify a RegularExpression that covers the whole text (topic or line), which typically starts with .*, and must end in .* • Put text you want to keep in parenthesis, like $pattern(.*?(from here.*?to here).*) • Example: $pattern(.*?\*.*?Email\:\s*([^\n\r]+).*) extracts the e-mail address from a bullet of format * Email: ... • This example has non-greedy .*? patterns to scan for the first occurance of the Email bullet; use greedy .* patterns to scan for the last occurance • Limitation: Do not use .*) inside the pattern, e.g. $pattern(.*foo(.*)bar.*) does not work, but $pattern(.*foo(.*?)bar.*) does • Note: Make sure that the integrity of a web page is not compromised; for example, if you include an HTML table make sure to include everything including the table end tag
$count(reg-exp)	Count of number of times a regular expression pattern appears in the text of a topic (does not search meta data). Follows guidelines for use and limitations outlined above under $pattern(reg-exp). Example: $count(.*?(---[+][+][+][+]) .*) counts the number of <H4> headers in a page.
$n or $n()	New line. Use $n() if followed by alphanumeric character, e.g. write Foo$n()Bar instead of Foo$nBar
$nop or $nop()	Is a "no operation". This variable gets removed; useful for nested search
$quot	Double quote ("). Alternatively write \" to escape it
$percnt	Percent sign (%)
$dollar	Dollar sign ($)

Examples

Here are some samples of formatted searches. The SearchPatternCookbook has other examples, such as creating a picklist of usernames, searching for topic children and more.

Bullet list showing topic name and summary

Write this:

%SEARCH{ "FAQ" scope="topic" nosearch="on" nototal="on" header="   * *Topic: Summary:*" format="   * [[$topic]]: $summary" }%

To get this:

• Topic: Summary:
• TWikiFAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About TWiki This is a real FAQ, and also a demo of an easily implemented knowledge base solution. To see how it's done, view the source ...
• TWikiFaqTemplate: FAQ: Answer: Back to: TWikiFAQ
• TextFormattingFAQ: Text Formatting FAQ The most frequently asked questions about text formatting are answered. Also, TextFormattingRules contains the complete TWiki shorthand system ...

Table showing form field values of topics with a form

In a web where there is a form that contains a TopicClassification field, an OperatingSystem field and an OsVersion field we could write:

| *Topic:* | *OperatingSystem:* | *OsVersion:* |
%SEARCH{ "[T]opicClassification.*?value=\"[P]ublicFAQ\"" scope="text" type="regex" nosearch="on" nototal="on" format="| [[$topic]] | $formfield(OperatingSystem) | $formfield(OsVersion) |" }%

To get this:

Topic:	OperatingSystem:	OsVersion:
IncorrectDllVersionW32PTH10DLL	OsWin	95/98
WinDoze95Crash	OsWin	95

Extract some text from a topic using regular expression

Write this:

%SEARCH{ "__Back to\:__ TWikiFAQ" scope="text" type="regex" nosearch="on" nototal="on" header="TWiki FAQs:" format="   * $pattern(.*?FAQ\:[\n\r]*([^\n\r]+).*) [[$topic][Answer...]]" }%

To get this:

TWiki FAQs:

• How can I create a simple TWiki Form based application? Answer...
• How do I delete or rename a topic? Answer...
• How do I delete or rename a file attachment? Answer...
• Why does the topic revision not increase when I edit a topic? Answer...
• TWiki has a GPL (GNU General Public License). What is GPL? Answer...
• I've problems with the WebSearch. There is no Search Result on any inquiry. By clicking the Index topic it's the same problem. Answer...
• What happens if two of us try to edit the same topic simultaneously? Answer...
• I would like to install TWiki on my server. Can I get the source? Answer...
• What does the "T" in TWiki stand for? Answer...
• So what is this WikiWiki thing exactly? Answer...
• Everybody can edit any page, this is scary. Doesn't that lead to chaos? Answer...

Nested Search

Search can be nested. For example, search for some topics, then form a new search for each topic found in the first search. The idea is to build the nested search string using a formatted search in the first search.

Here is an example. Let's search for all topics that contain the word "culture" (first search), and let's find out where each topic found is linked from (second search).

• First search:
  • %SEARCH{ "culture" format="   * $topic is referenced by: (list all references)" nosearch="on" nototal="on" }%
• Second search. For each hit we want this search:
  • %SEARCH{ "(topic found in first search)" format="$topic" nosearch="on" nototal="on" separator=", " }%
• Now let's nest the two. We need to escape the second search, e.g. the first search will build a valid second search string. Note that we escape the second search so that it does not get evaluated prematurely by the first search:
  • Use $percnt to escape the leading percent of the second search
  • Use \" to escape the double quotes
  • Use $dollar to escape the $ of $topic
  • Use $nop to escape the }% sequence

Write this:

%SEARCH{ "culture" format="   * $topic is referenced by:$n      * $percntSEARCH{ \"$topic\" format=\"$dollartopic\" nosearch=\"on\" nototal=\"on\" separator=\", \" }$nop%" nosearch="on" nototal="on" }%

To get this:

• ATasteOfTWiki is referenced by:
  • ATasteOfTWiki, NewUserTemplate, TWikiUsersGuide, WebLeftBar, WelcomeGuest
• FormattedSearch is referenced by:
  • AttachContentPlugin, CalendarPlugin, ChartPlugin, EditTablePlugin, EmptyPlugin, HeadlinesPlugin, InterwikiPlugin, LatexModePlugin, ManagingWebs, MathModePlugin, PreferencesPlugin, RenderListPlugin, RequireRegistrationPlugin, SearchHelp, SearchPatternCookbook, SlideShowPlugin, SmiliesPlugin, SpreadSheetPlugin, SvnPlugin, TWikiDocumentation, TWikiForms, TWikiHistory, TWikiMetaData, TWikiNetSkinPlugin, TWikiReferenceManual, TWikiReleaseNotes04x00, TWikiReleaseNotes04x01, TWikiScripts, TWikiSearchDotPm, TWikiSiteTools, TWikiUISearchDotPm, TWikiVariablesQuickStart, TagMePlugin, VarMETA, VarSEARCH, VarURLPARAM, WebLeftBar, WelcomeGuest
• TWikiAccessControl is referenced by:
  • EditTablePlugin, FileAttachment, MainFeatures, ManagingTopics, ManagingUsers, SitePermissions, SourceCode, TWikiAccessControl, TWikiDocumentation, TWikiForms, TWikiFuncDotPm, TWikiHistory, TWikiPreferences, TWikiReferenceManual, TWikiReleaseNotes04x01, TWikiScripts, TWikiSiteTools, TWikiTopics, TWikiTutorial, TWikiUserAuthentication, TWikiVariables, VarSEARCH, WebPreferences, WebPreferencesHelp, WebStatistics, WikiCulture, WikiWord
• TWikiSite is referenced by:
  • AdminToolsCategory, InstantEnhancements, InterwikiPlugin, ManagingWebs, StartingPoints, TWikiDocumentation, TWikiGlossary, TWikiI18NDotPm, TWikiInstallationGuide, TWikiPreferences, TWikiReferenceManual, TWikiRegistration, TWikiScripts, TWikiSite, TWikiTopics, TWikiTutorial, TWikiUserAuthentication, TWikiUsersGuide, WabiSabi, WebLeftBar, WebSiteTools, WebStatistics, WelcomeGuest, WhatDoesTWikiStandFor, WhatIsWikiWiki, WikiCulture, WikiReferences
• WabiSabi is referenced by:
  • TWikiSite, WabiSabi, WhatIsWikiWiki, WikiCulture
• WhatIsWikiWiki is referenced by:
  • TWikiReleaseNotes04x00, WikiCulture
• WikiCulture is referenced by:
  • TWikiAccessControl, TWikiSite, WabiSabi, WhatIsWikiWiki

Note: Nested search can be slow, especially if you nest more then 3 times. Nesting is limited to 16 levels. For each new nesting level you need to "escape the escapes", e.g. write $dollarpercntSEARCH{ for level three, $dollardollarpercntSEARCH{ for level four, etc.

Most recently changed pages

Write this:

%SEARCH{ "\.*" scope="topic" type="regex" nosearch="on" nototal="on" order="modified" reverse="on"  format="| [[$topic]] | $wikiusername  | $date |" limit="7" }%

To get this:

WebStatistics	TWikiAdminGroup	08 Jan 2009 - 07:58
PatternSkinColorSettings	CTSpediaAdmin	06 Jan 2009 - 00:05
EditTablePlugin	CTSpediaAdmin	05 Jan 2009 - 21:26
WebTemplateTopics	CTSpediaAdmin	05 Jan 2009 - 20:20
WebTopicEditTemplate	CTSpediaAdmin	05 Jan 2009 - 20:00
TWikiNetSkin	CTSpediaAdmin	11 Dec 2008 - 00:07
TWikiNetSkinColorSettings	CTSpediaAdmin	11 Dec 2008 - 00:07

Search with conditional output

A regular expression search is flexible, but there are limitations. For example, you cannot show all topics that are up to exactly one week old, or create a report that shows all records with invalid form fields or fields within a certain range, etc. You need some additional logic to format output based on a condition:

1. Specify a search which returns more hits then you need
2. For each search hit apply a spreadsheet formula to determine if the hit is needed
3. If needed, format and output the result
4. Else supress the search hit

This requires the TWiki:Plugins.SpreadSheetPlugin. The following example shows all topics that are up to exactly one week old.

Write this:

%CALC{$SET(weekold, $TIMEADD($TIME(), -7, day))}%
%SEARCH{ "." scope="topic" type="regex" nosearch="on" nototal="on" order="modified" reverse="on" format="$percntCALC{$IF($TIME($date) < $GET(weekold), <nop>, | [[$topic]] | $wikiusername | $date | $rev |)}$percnt" limit="100" }%

• The first line sets the weekold variable to the serialized date of exactly one week ago
• The SEARCH has a deferred CALC. The $percnt makes sure that the CALC gets executed once for each search hit
• The CALC compares the date of the topic with the weekold date
• If topic is older, a <nop> is returned, which gets removed at the end of the TWiki rendering process
• Otherwise, the search hit is formatted and returned

To get this:

WebStatistics	TWikiAdminGroup	08 Jan 2009 - 07:58	403
PatternSkinColorSettings	CTSpediaAdmin	06 Jan 2009 - 00:05	15
EditTablePlugin	CTSpediaAdmin	05 Jan 2009 - 21:26	16
WebTemplateTopics	CTSpediaAdmin	05 Jan 2009 - 20:20	3
WebTopicEditTemplate	CTSpediaAdmin	05 Jan 2009 - 20:00	10

Embedding search forms to return a formatted result

Use an HTML form and an embedded formatted search on the same topic. You can link them together with an %URLPARAM{"..."}% variable. Example:

Write this:

<form action="%SCRIPTURLPATH{"view"}%/%WEB%/%TOPIC%">
Find Topics: 
<input type="text" name="q" size="32" value="%URLPARAM{"q"}%" />&nbsp;<input type="submit" class="twikiSubmit" value="Search" />
</form>
Result:
%SEARCH{ search="%URLPARAM{"q"}%" format="   * $web.$topic: %BR% $summary" nosearch="on" }%

To get this:

Find Topics:  

Result:

Related Topics: UserDocumentationCategory, SearchHelp, TWikiVariables#VarSEARCH, SearchPatternCookbook, RegularExpression

-- Contributors: TWiki:BREADpedia.PeterThoeny, TWiki:BREADpedia.CrawfordCurrie